Surgeons are medical practitioners who use medical tools to pinpoint their patients’ problem areas, repair malfunctioning regions of the body and remove harmful structures. Surgery training programs teach practitioners to use surgical instruments safely and effectively.

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the western most point of Eurasia, Europe is usually divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.

An M.D., or Doctor of Medicine, is an academic achievement that can take years of schooling to obtain. It is only awarded once students have shown they have the knowledge and experience required to practice medicine competently.